> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://wiki.aig123.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://wiki.aig123.com/ai-wiki/ren-gong-zhi-neng-zhuan-ye-shu-yu-biao/b.md).

# B

**Backpropagation (Backpropagation Through Time)（反向传播/基于时间的反向传播）**

用于训练人工神经网络，进而计算网络权重计算所需梯度的一种方法。

**Batch（批量）**

在模型训练的单个梯度更新中使用的示例集。

**Bayes’s Theorem（贝叶斯定理）**

统计学家根据可能与某个存在相关的先验条件知识描述某个事件的概率时所用的一个著名定理。

**Bias (Inductive Bias, Confirmation Bias)（偏差-归纳偏差、确认偏差）**

归纳偏差：学习者在给定输入条件下预测尚未遇到的输出时所用的假设事项集。确认偏差：以确认自己的信念或假设的方式搜索、解释、赞成和回想信息，而较少关注与之相矛盾的信息的趋势。

**Bias-Variance Tradeoff（偏差与方差权衡）**

当数据科学家尝试同时最大程度地减小偏差和方差时所产生的冲突，该冲突不利于监督算法推广到他们的训练集范围之外。

**Boosting（提升）**

主要用于减少监督学习中的偏差和方差的一种机器学习集成元算法，以及将弱学习者转化为强学习者的一系列机器学习算法。

**Bounding Box（边界框）**

完全包含一组点或一个对象的最小（矩形）框。


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